Herculaneum Water, Fountains, Pipes, Drainage.

Acqua di Ercolano, fontane, tubi, drenaggio.

 

Fountains      Lead water pipes      Water towers      Drainage

 

Fontane      Tubi dell'acqua di piombo       Torre d'Acqua      Drenaggio

 

Fountains / Fontane

 

Apollo       Dionysiac Reliefs      Hercules      Neptune      Villa of Papyri      Serpent (Palaestra)      Venus

 

Fountain with Mask of Neptune, Cardo V superiore

Fontana con Maschera di Nettuno, Cardo V superiore

 

Fountain with mask of Neptiune, Cardo V Superiore, Herculaneum, May 2001.

Looking south towards junction with Decumanus Inferiore, on right. Photo courtesy of Current Archaeology.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum, September 2015. Looking south towards fountain on corner near Ins. IV 15/16 on right.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum, October 2014. 

Looking south-west towards fountain on corner near Ins. IV 15/16 on right. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum.

Fountain on corner of Ins. IV, at junction of Decumanus Inferiore and Cardo V Inferiore, 1957.

Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum. September 2019.

Fountain on corner of Ins. IV, at junction of Decumanus Inferiore and Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum. Looking south-east.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum. April 2011.

Fountain on corner of Ins. IV, at junction of Decumanus Inferiore and Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum. Looking south-east.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum. September 2017.

Fountain on corner of Ins. IV, at junction of Decumanus Inferiore and Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum. Looking south-west.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Cardo V, Herculaneum. September 2019.

Looking north from near the fountain at the junction with Decumanus Inferiore, near IV.15/16.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Cardo V, Herculaneum. February 2007.

Looking north from near the fountain at the junction with Decumanus Inferiore. Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.

 

Cardo V, Herculaneum. April 2018.

Looking south towards fountain outside of IV.15/16, and near junction of Decumanus Inferiore.

Photo courtesy of Ian Lycett-King. Use is subject to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License v.4 International.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum. September 2019.

Mask of Neptune on street fountain on corner of Ins. IV, at junction of Decumanus Inferiore and Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum.

Looking south. Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Cardo V, Herculaneum, April 2018. Detail of mask of Neptune, fountain near IV.15/16.

Photo courtesy of Ian Lycett-King. Use is subject to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License v.4 International.

 

Cardo V, Herculaneum, September 2017.

Detail of mask of Neptune, from street fountain near IV.15/16. Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum, September 2015.

Looking south towards fountain decorated with head of Neptune, on corner near Ins. IV 16 on right.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum, May 2010. Fountain decorated with head of Neptune with dolphins.

 

Cardo V Inferiore, Herculaneum, May 2010. Fountain decorated with head of Neptune with dolphins.

 

Decumanus Maximus, fountain of Venus on south side

Decumano Massimo, fontana di Venere sul lato sud

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, September 2017.

Looking west towards fountain on south side of roadway, from access bridge.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. 1964. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. September 2019.

Looking north-west towards fountain. Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. 1975. West side, looking north-west. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.  

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, October 2020. Looking south-west. Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, July 2015. Looking south-west. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, looking south-west. May 2010.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, looking south-west. May 2010.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. May 2006. West end of fountain.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. September 2015. West end of fountain.

 

East side of fountain of Venus on Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. June 2011.

Looking west. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Fountain of Venus, Herculaneum. October 2020.

Detail of Venus from west end of fountain on south side of Decumanus Maximus.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Fountain of Venus, Herculaneum. October 2012.

Detail of Venus from west end of fountain on south side of Decumanus Maximus.

Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. June 2011.

Detail of Venus. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. May 2006. Figure of Venus at west end of fountain.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus with the figure of Venus, Herculaneum. 1975. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.  

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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North side of fountain of Venus on Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. June 2011.

Looking south towards junction with Cardo IV. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

South side of fountain of Venus on Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. June 2014. Looking north. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain of Venus on Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. May 2006. South side with overflow groove, looking north.

 

Fountain of Venus with water tower behind, in centre. July 2015.

Looking south-east from Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. July 2015.

Looking north-east across fountain. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. September 2015. East end of fountain.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. October 2020.

Looking towards east end of fountain. Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Fountain of Venus. February 2007.

Looking south-east from Decumanus Maximus towards upper room of V.10/9 Herculaneum.

Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. October 2020.

Detail of face from east end of fountain. Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. October 2012.

Detail of face from east end of fountain. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. June 2011.  

Detail of face from east end of fountain. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Fountain of Venus, Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. May 2006. Face at east end of fountain.

 

Decumanus Maximus fountain with the head of Hercules

Fontana del Decumano Massimo con la testa di Ercole

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, October 2012. Looking west. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, September 2015. Looking west from near fountain.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, August 2013. Looking east towards northern end of Ins. Orientalis II. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, September 2019.

Looking north-east towards fountain decorated with head of Hercules, at the east end of the Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, September 2015.

Looking west along north side, from fountain at east side of the Decumanus Maximus.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, September 2019.

Fountain decorated with head of Hercules, at east end of the Decumanus Maximus.

Photo courtesy of Klaus Heese.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, September 2015.

Fountain decorated with head of Hercules, from fountain on east end of the Decumanus Maximus.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, October 2012.

Fountain decorated with head of Hercules, on the fountain at east end of the Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Decumanus Maximus, north side, east end, Herculaneum, March 2008.

Fountain decorated with head of Hercules. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, October 2014.

Fountain decorated with head of Hercules, from fountain on east end of the Decumanus Maximus.

Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, May 2001.

Fountain decorated with head of Hercules, from fountain on east end of the Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Current Archaeology.

 

Serpent fountain on site of playing fields of the Palaestra

Fontana del serpente sul sito dei campi da gioco della Palaestra

 

Ins. Orientalis II.4, Herculaneum, October 2012.

Looking into the cavern, which would have been the site of the playing field of the Palaestra. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

According to Deiss,

“In the centre of the field was a swimming pool in the form of a cross, some 160 feet in length and with an intersecting arm of 100 feet.

At the ends were fountain jets. In the centre was a giant bronze serpent, coiled on the limbs of a tree, and from whose five crowned heads water sprayed into the pool. The serpent, which was overlooked by the Bourbons, has been restored to its commanding position.

The mountain of hard mud has not been removed from above the cruciform pool, but merely hollowed out like a cavern over the central portion.”

See Deiss, J.J. (1968). Herculaneum: a city returns to the sun. London, History Book Club, (p.128).

 

Ins. Orientalis II.4, Herculaneum, June 2011.

Looking into the cavern, which would have been the site of the playing field of the Palaestra. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Ins. Orientalis II.4, Herculaneum, August 2013.

A chunk of marble flooring found scattered in the alluvial debris. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

Ins. Orientalis II.4, Herculaneum, August 2013.

Reproduction of a bronze fountain depicting Hydra, a large many-headed serpent spirally entwined around the trunk of a tree.

Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

Ins. Orientalis II.4, Herculaneum, September 2016.

Bronze fountain depicting Hydra. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Ins. Orientalis II.4, Herculaneum, October 2012.

Reproduction of a bronze fountain depicting Hydra. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Ins. Orientalis II.4, Herculaneum, June 2011.

Reproduction of a bronze fountain depicting Hydra. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Ins. Or. II.4, Herculaneum. 1975.

Bronze serpent with five heads which sprayed water into the palaestra’s swimming pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.  

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Fountain bust of Apollo in Suburban baths atrium

Fontana con busto di Apollo nell'atrio delle terme suburbani

 

Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. June 2014.

Looking north across atrium with fountain bust of Apollo. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. May 2004.

Atrium with fountain bust of Apollo.  The four columns were originally painted red.

 

Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. May 2001.

Atrium with fountain bust of Apollo.  Photo courtesy of Current Archaeology.

 

Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. 1975.

Atrium with fountain bust of Apollo. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.  

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. October 2001.

Looking north at fountain bust of Apollo in the atrium. Photo courtesy of Peter Woods.

 

Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. 1975.

Looking north at fountain bust of Apollo in the atrium. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.  

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. June 2014.

Looking north-west in atrium with fountain bust of Apollo and basin. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. April 2008.

Looking north-east in atrium with fountain bust of Apollo and basin. Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.

 

Fountain bust of Apollo, Suburban baths, Herculaneum. 1975.

Looking north-east in atrium with fountain bust of Apollo and basin. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.  

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Villa of the Papyri

Villa dei Papiri

 

Villa dei Papiri, Herculaneum. Bust of Empedocles of Agrigento or Heraclitus. Found in 1753 in the angles of the peristyle.

Now in Naples Archaeological Museum. Inventory number 5623.

Concerning this sculpture, the Naples Museum web site says:

The identification of the character remains problematic. In the past it was proposed to recognize in the piece as Eraclito, but, in more recent times, the hypothesis has been put forward that it is Empedocles of Agrigento (492-432 BC). This proposal finds comfort both in the words of Diogene Laerzio about the thick hair of the character and in the specific location of the bronze inside the villa where he made a counterpart with the bronze depicting Pythagoras (inv. 5607), who was his teacher. In fact, the two busts occupied two opposite corners of the square peristyle, an environment, of a certain importance considering that it is in the centre of the complex. This peristyle had a central basin and, at the corners, four fountains with a circular basin, behind each of which a bronze bust stood on a marble pillar; other sculptures adorned the southern portico and the extremities of the basin, which presents a series of semicircular niches.

 

Getty Villa, Malibu, Spring 1982. Fountain area. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Getty Villa, Malibu, Spring 1982. Reproduction fountain. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Getty Villa, Malibu, Spring 1982. Reproduction figures of dancers at edge of pool. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Getty Villa, Malibu, Spring 1982. Bronze statue of a drunken faun at end of pool in peristyle. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Getty Villa, Malibu, Spring 1982. Statue in curved end of pool in peristyle. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Villa dei Papyri, Herculaneum. September 2008. Drawing of reconstruction of peristyle, looking east to Villa.

Museo Archeologico Virtuale, Ercolano. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Fountain and pool, House of Dionysiac Reliefs

Fontana e piscina, Casa dei Rilievi Dionisiaci

 

House of Dionysiac Reliefs, Herculaneum. July 2010.

In room (p) a fountain and pool has been found, provided with a rectangular masonry basin with upper border edged with marble, at the centre it had a masonry column pierced by a lead pipe/tube, coming from the adjoining room (l3), overlooked by a large window onto this area. 

Looking north across rectangular basin of pool towards window. On the right, east, is a window into room (m). Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

House of Dionysiac Reliefs, Herculaneum. July 2004. Looking north-west across rectangular basin of pool in room (p).

Photo courtesy of Jennifer Stephens. ©jfsPAP0686

 

Pipes

Tubi

Lead water pipes in pavement outside V.9

Tubi dell'acqua di piombo nella pavimentazione esterna V.9

 

V.9 Herculaneum, June 2014. Looking north towards doorway, with lead pipes in pavement. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

V.9 Herculaneum, October 2012.

Looking south along line of lead pipes in pavement. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

V.9 Herculaneum, September 2015.

Looking east to doorway, across line of lead pipes in pavement. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Cardo IV, Herculaneum. May 2005.

Looking down on lead pipes in pavement of east side at north end, outside of V.9. Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.

 

V.9 Herculaneum, June 2011. Looking east to doorway, across lines of lead pipes in pavement.

A pipe connects with the house. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Water towers

Torre d'acqua

Water tower at the junction of Cardo IV Superiore near V.9

Torre dell'acqua all'incrocio del Cardo IV Superiore presso V.9

 

Water tower behind Fountain of Venus. July 2015.

Looking south-east from Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Tower across junction of Cardo IV Superiore near V.9. May 2010.

One of the elevated pilasters connected to the aqueduct of Serino.

On top of this brick pilaster was a tank that served to regulate the pressure and distribution of water (a series of lead pipes are visible in the eastern pavement). Another elevated pilaster leans against the Samnite House on Decumanus Inferiore.

See Pesando, F. and Guidobaldi, M.P. (2006). Pompei, Oplontis, Ercolano, Stabiae. Editori Laterza, (p.344)

 

Water tower, at junction of Cardo IV Superiore and Decumanus Superiore, Herculaneum. May 2010.

Painted edict on behalf of two local aediles, M. Rufellius Robia and A. Tetteius, to prohibit the dumping of dirt and excrement near to the water tower, to prevent the pollution of the water supply.

 

Water tower, at junction of Cardo IV Superiore and Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum.

September 2015. Painted on the east side of the pilaster was the edict of an aedile, renewing a previous disposition that prohibited discharging excrement at this place, and threatening a penalty of one denarius for offenders if they were freed men, or a whipping if they were slaves.

 

Water tower, fountain and drainage, Herculaneum. May 2009.

Looking north from Cardo IV Superiore to Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

Water tower and lead pipes at north end of Cardo IV Superiore. June 2014.

Looking north towards Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Water Tower on Decumanus Inferiore

Torre dell'Acqua sul Decumano Inferiore

 

Water tower, Decumanus Inferiore, Herculaneum. May 2010.

Decumanus Inferiore Crossroads, looking north along Cardo IV, from Inferiore to Superiore.

Decumanus Inferiore is the road running from left to right.

 

Water tower, Decumanus Inferiore, Herculaneum. September 2015. Looking east from junction with Cardo IV.

Ins. V.1 is on the left, Ins. IV.10 is on the right.

At the end of the roadway, the two columns at the entrance to the Palaestra can be seen on Cardo V at Ins. Orientalis II, 4.

 

Water tower, Decumanus Inferiore, Herculaneum. September 2015.

Tower for regulating the pressure and distribution of water, on the corner of Decumanus Inferiore by V.1.

Looking east from junction with Cardo IV,

 

Water tower, Decumanus Inferiore, Herculaneum. May 2010.

Looking east along Decumanus Inferiore from crossroads with Cardo IV Inferiore and Superiore.

Looking towards Ins. V on left, and Ins. IV on right.

 

Water tower, Decumanus Inferiore, Herculaneum. September 2015.

Looking west along façade of V.1, towards remains of water tower, on corner with Cardo IV.

Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Water tower, Decumanus Inferiore, Herculaneum. May 2004.

Looking west towards junction with Cardo IV. Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.

 

Water tower, Decumanus Inferiore, Herculaneum. May 2001.

Looking east towards water tower on the corner of Decumanus Inferiore. Photo courtesy of Current Archaeology.

 

Water tower in baths service area VI.10

Torre dell'acqua nell'area di servizio delle terme VI.10

 

VI.10 Herculaneum. May 2010. Doorway on west side of Cardo IV Superiore.

This was a service doorway for the Baths, leading to praefurnium (boiler-furnace), and to other parts of the water-supply plant.

 

Maiuri wrote that this entrance doorway led to the service quarters that ran along behind the men’s and women’s sections in the form of one wide corridor.

The vestibule wall still bears the incrustation of smoke and soot that was diffused when the praefurnium was lit or stoked. On the left, on entering, there is a straight staircase, partly in wood and partly in masonry which led to the attics and terraces.  Further ahead, there is the deep circular well whence the water was raised by means of a chain pump to the reservoirs; nearby there is the little staircase used in the inspection of the boilers and, finally, the furnace (praefurnium) for each of the two boilers which fed the men’s and women’s baths respectively.  The boilers were carried away during the Bourbon excavations, but there remains the heavy iron door of the praefurnium used to heat the water for the men’s baths and near to it lies (note: probably “used to lie”) the great iron poker for raking the embers and cinders, a sign that the baths functioned up to the last moments before the eruption.  At the end of the great service corridor, a small door opened into the apodyterium of the men’s section, whilst a wooden staircase led to the living quarters on the upper floor, occupied by the personnel of the baths.

See Maiuri, Amedeo, (1977). Herculaneum. 7th English ed, of Guidebooks to the Museums Galleries and Monuments of Italy, No.53 (p.40).

 

Deiss wrote that the hydraulic system was severely damaged by the Bourbon tunnellers, and parts of the heating system were carried away entirely - for example the boilers. The water was furnished from a well over forty feet deep. It seems that the water was raised by a kind of bucket system to a water tower, whence it was distributed through lead pipes by gravity to the boilers and the various tanks. Fortunately for our knowledge of Roman technology, the tunnellers missed two of the heavy bronze grooves into which eighteen-inch (0.45m) wheels were fitted on a rotation beam to revolve the buckets. All the hydraulic equipment was of bronze or lead. The men’s furnace, however, had a door of iron; and near it lay the long iron poker just where it was dropped when the attendant jumped and ran.

See Deiss, J.J. (1968). Herculaneum, a city returns to the sun. History Book Club, UK, (p.117)

 

VI.10 Herculaneum. June 2014.

Looking west from entrance doorway along corridor at rear of men’s central baths. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

VI.10 Herculaneum. May 2010. Looking west towards area of well, water tower and steps.

According to Deiss, the well was over forty feet deep, and water was raised by a kind of bucket system.

See Deiss, J.J. (1968). Herculaneum, a city returns to the sun. History Book Club, UK, (p.117)

 

VI.10 Herculaneum, September 2004. Baths well.

 

Drainage

Drenaggio

Drainage channels on Decumanus Maximus

Canali di drenaggio sul Decumano Massimo

 

Looking west along Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, 1968, from the access bridge/roadway.

The drainage channels and fountains can be seen on both sides of the road. Photo by Stanley A. Jashemski.  

Source: The Wilhelmina and Stanley A. Jashemski archive in the University of Maryland Library, Special Collections (See collection page) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License v.4. See Licence and use details.

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Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, June 2011.

Looking west along drainage channel on north side. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum, June 2011. North side.

Looking west along drainage channel lined with clay roof tiles. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. August 2013.

Drainage channel on south side. Looking north-west from doorway 6, on right. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

Looking west along drainage channel in south side of Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. May 2006.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. October 2012.

Drainage channel on south side. Looking north-west along roadway. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. Photo taken between October 2014 and November 2019.

Drainage channel under fountain of Venus. Looking west towards four-sided Arch. Photo courtesy of Giuseppe Ciaramella.

 

Decumanus Maximus, south side, Herculaneum. June 2011. Diversion in drainage channel by the fountain of Venus.

This presumably connects with the drain in the end of Cardo IV.

Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Decumanus Maximus, south side, September 2015.

Looking west along drainage channel on the north side of Insula VI, towards the four-sided arch of the Augusteum/Basilica.

Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. March 2014. Looking west towards four-sided Arch.

The drainage channel in front of the arch is  covered with stone blocks.

Foto Annette Haug, ERC Grant 681269 DÉCOR.

 

Drain in Cardo IV beneath junction with Decumanus Maximus

Drenaggio nel Cardo IV sotto l'incrocio con Decumano Massimo

 

Water tower and drain with fountain behind. Herculaneum. May 2009.

Looking north from Cardo IV Superiore to Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

Water tower and drain at north end of Cardo IV Superiore, with lead pipes in the pavement. June 2014.

Looking north towards Decumanus Maximus. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

Looking north on Cardo IV, with junction of Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum. May 2010.

 

Looking north on Cardo IV, to drainage beneath junction with Decumanus Maximus, Herculaneum.

June 2011. Photo courtesy of Sera Baker.

 

Drain on east side of Cardo V Inferiore

Drenaggio sul lato est del Cardo V Inferiore

 

Ins. Orientalis II 1, Herculaneum, September 2015. Drain under pavement on east side of Cardo V Inferiore.

 

IV.13, wooden winch found above a cistern that had been used to pull up a bucket.

IV.13, verricello di legno trovato sopra una cisterna che era stata usata per tirare su un secchio.

 

IV.13 Herculaneum, September 2016.

Vestibule, wooden winch found above a cistern that had been used to pull up a bucket. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

IV.13 Herculaneum, September 2016. Reverse side of wooden winch. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

IV.2/1, lead bucket decorated in relief, used as a reservoir of water

IV.2/1, secchio di piombo decorato in rilievo, usato come serbatoio d'acqua

 

IV.2/1, Herculaneum, September 2016.

A beautiful bucket made in embossed lead plate and decorated in relief, used as a reservoir of water, part of the kitchen furnishings.

Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

IV.2/1, Herculaneum, September 2016. Detail of the lead bucket showing medallions and shells. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

IV.2/1, Herculaneum, September 2016. Detail of the lead bucket showing rows of decorations. Photo courtesy of Michael Binns.

 

III 16, well which guaranteed the water supply of the dwelling

III 16, pozzo che garantiva l'approvvigionamento idrico dell'abitazione

 

III 16, Herculaneum, September 2015. Room 5, looking west.

In this room was the well which guaranteed the water supply of the dwelling, without a cistern below the impluvium.

At the rear, was the outline of the stairs for access to the rooms of the upper floor.

See Pesando, F. and Guidobaldi, M.P. (2006). Pompei, Oplontis, Ercolano, Stabiae. Editori Laterza, (p.328)

 

III.11, reconstructed compluvium and rainwater spouts

III.11, compluvium ricostruito e grondaie

 

III.11 Herculaneum. May 2010. Room 6, ceiling and compluvium in atrium.

 

III.11 Herculaneum. October 2001. Room 6, ceiling and compluvium in atrium. Photo courtesy of Peter Woods.

 

III.11 Herculaneum. August 2013. Room 6, detail of waterspouts in compluvium. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

III.11 Herculaneum. August 2013. Room 6, detail of grondaie in compluvium. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

III.11 Herculaneum. August 2013. Room 6, detail of waterspouts in compluvium. Photo courtesy of Buzz Ferebee.

 

III.11 Herculaneum. May 2010. Room 6, detail of waterspouts in compluvium.

 

III.11 Herculaneum. September 2003. Looking down onto impluvium in atrium.

The rainwater spouts of the compluvium directed the water into the impluvium for storage in the cistern below it.

Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.

 

III. 14, courtyard enclosed with a small low wall to form a basin to collect rainwater

III. 14, cortile recintato con un piccolo muro basso a formare una vasca per raccogliere l'acqua piovana

 

III. 14, May 2010. Looking west towards small courtyard.

According to Jashemski, this paved courtyard gave light to the various rooms in this dwelling.

The courtyard was enclosed with a small low wall to form a basin to collect rainwater.

See Jashemski, W. F., 1993. The Gardens of Pompeii, Volume II: Appendices. New York: Caratzas. (p.260)

 

III,14, Herculaneum. May 2003. Looking east across courtyard/garden. Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.

 

III.14, Herculaneum, April 2005. Looking west across courtyard/garden. Photo courtesy of Nicolas Monteix.